The order Charadriiformes is conservatively divided here into three suborders. Note, however, that sometimes Scolopacidae, Turnicidae and the clade comprising Chionidae + Pluvianellidae + Burhinidae are treated as suborders Scolopaci, Turnici, and Chionidi, respectively.
SCOLOPACI:
LARI:
CHARADRII:
Timetree of Charadriiformes, with the distribution of each family being indicated by the colour-code used throughout this website (see Distribution code). The phylogeny is based on Ericson et al. (2003), Paton et al. (2003), Bridge et al. (2005), Paton & Baker (2006), Fain & Houde, (2007), Baker et al. (2007, 2012), Gibson & Baker (2012), Dos Remedios et al. (2015), Prum et al. (2015), and Kuhl et al. (2021). The position of monotypic Dromadidae is based on Pereira & Baker (2010) and Kuhl et al. (2021). Divergence times follow Kuhl et al. (2021).
Timetree of Scolopaci, with the distribution of each genus being indicated by the colour-code used throughout this website (see Distribution code). The timetree is based on Paton et al. (2003), Baker et al. (2007), Gibson & Baker (2012), and Hu et al. (2017).
Timetree of Lari, with the distribution of each genus being indicated by the colour-code used throughout this website (see Distribution code). The timetree is based on Paton et al. (2003), Baker et al. (2007), Pereira & Baker (2008), Hu et al. (2017), and DiGiacomo (2018).
Timetree of Charadrii, with the distribution of each genus being indicated by the colour-code used throughout this website (see Distribution code). The timetree is based on Paton et al. (2003), Baker et al. (2007), Barth et al. (2013), and Hu et al. (2017). However, the backbone of the timing is based on Prum et al. (2015), whose divergence times are significantly younger than those of the other authors.
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