This order comprises the following families:

• Ardeidae (Herons)
• Pelecanidae (Pelicans)
• Balaenicipitidae (Shoebill)
• Scopidae (Hamerkop)
• Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills)

Genus-level timetree of extant Pelecaniformes, with the distribution of each family being indicated by the colour-code used throughout this website (see Distribution code). The phylogeny of Ardeidae follows Hruska et al., 2023.  

Taxonomy of Ardeidae according to Hruska et al., 2023. As there were no tribes recognised, the third column remains empty. 

References/Literature

Chesser RT, Yeung CKL, Tao CT, Tian XH, and Lee SH (2010), Molecular phylogeny of the spoonbills (Aves: Threskiornithidae) based on mitochondrial DNA, Zootaxa 66, 53-60. (abstract)

Duan Y, Shao S, Li Y, and Luo X (2018) The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of White-bellied Heron Ardea insignis (Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae), Mitochondrial DNA Part B 3, 1284-1285. (pdf)

Hruska JP (2018), "A phylogenomic evaluation of the relationships among herons (Aves, Ardeidae)", Master´s Thesis, University of Kansas. (pdf)

Hruska JP, Holmes J, Oliveros C, Shakya S, Lavretsky P, McCracken KG, Sheldon FH, and Moyle RG (2023), Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae), Ornithology 140, ukac000. (abstract)

Huang T, Wang Y, Zhou YL, and Xu Z (2019), Complete mitochondrial genome of Pelcanus crispus and its phylogeny. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4 (2), 3075-3076. (pdf) 

Kennedy M, Taylor SA, Nádvorník P, and Spencer HG (2013), The phylogenetic relationships of the extant pelicans inferred from DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2603, 215-222. (abstract)

Krattinger F (2010), "Molecular phylogeny of Threskiornithidae", Master´s Thesis, University of Fribourg. 

Kuhl H, Frankl-Vilches C, Bakker A, Mayr G, Nikolaus G, Boerno ST, Klages S, Timmermann B, and Gahr M (2021), An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-tree of life, Mol. Biol. Evol. 38 (1), 108-127. (pdf)

Kushlan JA, and Hancock JA (2005), The Herons: Ardeidae, Oxford University Press, New York, USA. (link)

Liang WL, Zhu J, and Ren ZM (2019), Complete mitochondrial genome of Ciconia nigra (Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae), a threatened stork in China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4 (2), 2509-2510. (pdf)

Päckert M, Hering J, Fuchs E, Barthel F, and Heim W (2014), Genetic barcoding confirms first breeding record of the Yellow Bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis (Aves: Pelecaniformes, Ardeidae) in the Western Palearctic. Vertebr. Zool. 64 (2), 251-260. (pdf)

Prum RO, Berv JS, Dornburg A, Field DJ, Townsend JP, Lemmon EM, and Lemmon AR (2015), A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing, Nature 526, 569-573. (abstract)

Ramirez JL, Miyaki CY, and Del Lama SN (2013), Molecular phylogeny of Threskiornithidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, Genet. Mol. Res. 12 (3). (pdf) 

Zhou X, Lin Q, Fang W, and Chen X (2013), The complete mitochondrial genomes of sixteen ardeid birds revealing the evolutionary process of the gene rearrangements, BMC Genomics 15, 573. (pdf)